Socijalni rad u Srbiji u kontekstu ekonomske krize i društvene transformacije

Abstract

U radu se pozitivistička utemeljenja socijalnog rada sučeljavaju sa postmodernističkim i konstruktivističkim pristupom i korisničkom perspektivom. Socijalni rad zasnovan na pozitivističkim shvatanjima bitno sužava predmet svog delovanja, primarno ga svodeći na paternalističko – zaštitatrske pristupe. Ovi koncepti naročito se revitalizuju u uslovima ekonomskih kriza, doprinoseći da tradicionalni pozitivistički socijalni rad postaje sve dominantnija vredmosna osnova. Savremeni socijalni rad treba da uzme u obzir (post)modernu korisničku perspektivu kao osnovu svog delovanja u mikro-socijalnoj sredini, koja mora biti integrisana u razumevanje realne materijalne stvarnosti korisnika, načine distribucije društvenih resursa i globalnih društvenih struktura unutar kojih deluje socijalni rad.

In the paper positivist foundation of social work are interfacing with the postmodern constructivist approach and the user perspective. The social work leaning on the positivist view on relationships man – society significantly narrows its subject matter of social action but, also, to narrow the social needs that could satisfy. In contemporary society, on this way social work activity is becoming marginalized. Traditional positivist social work in the time of actual big economic and social crisis becomes so easy a values base of this activity. Modern social work should take into account not only the (post)modern customer perspective as the basis of their activity in the micro-social environment. The user perspective should be integrated into real understanding of material reality of users, methods of distribution of social resources and global social structures within which social work operates.

The aim of this study was to show key influences ("forces") on the social work in Serbia in the time of economic crisis and social transformation: its social context, theoretical trends, the relation between profession and the state and characteristics of social work education. The paper shows dominant influence of socio-economic conditions and the state policy on the social work profession in Serbia. Also, the paper present positivist foundation and postmodern and constructivist approach in social work as the main theoretical trends in Serbia. It emphasizes that relation between positivism and constructivism in the social work has characteristics of theoretical, epistemological, methodological and ideological “rivalries”. Contemporary social work in Serbia should take into account not only the (post)modern customer perspective as the basis of its activity: the user perspective should be integrated into real understanding of material reality of users, methods of distribution of social resources and global social structures within which social work operates. Advocacy and empowerment are the key perspective of social workers during the economic crises.