Uloga privatnih preduzeća u preobražaju poljoprivrede

Abstract

In the last 35 years dependence of the Chinese economy on its' agriculture was obvious as the rate and speed of construction of the whole economy have been directly determined by the agriculture. Long line of economic and political facts shows that the agriculture was the basis of Chinese economy and society. The central place, priority in the first phase of the reform and the strategic importance in the reform of Chinese economic life has had the reform of its' agriculture. Important phenomenon of the agriculture reform, 'rural reform', - is the emergence of village and township enterprises (collective and privates) - industrial, transport, trade, tourist and other services, which have experienced real burst in its' development in the 80-s and have became extremely important part of agricultural production. There are more than 15 million of such enterprises in China. The value of their production was in 1986. 336,4 billion yuan (cc. 87 billion US$) or 48,9% of the total agricultural product value. Total employment in these enterprises has increased to 85 million, or 20% of total rural labor. It is to be expected their important role in absorbing surplus of rural labor. 2/3 of them are private, family business with the 30,6% of total agricultural product value. Their production has been getting more specialized and commercialized, due to their flexibility and sensitivity to market incentives. In 1985. rural enterprises gave 29% of total country coal production, 50% of textile production, 53% of building materials production, 30% of country's total paper production. The same year the value of their export was 4 billion US$. Blooming of rural enterprises' production has changed Chinese peasants centuries long life-style and economic and socio-political reality of Chinese countryside.