Targetiranje u socijalnoj politici - u interesu društva ili pojedinaca?

Abstract

Targetiranje u socijalnoj politici izaziva oprečne stavove – od njegovog prihvatanja kao načina za inkluziju najranjivijih kategorija društva i sredstva za umanjivanje socijalnih razlika, do odbacivanja, kao sredstva produbljivavnja nejednakosti, koje je i samo diskriminišuće. U prilog targetiranju mogu se izneti snažni argumenti, ali isto tako i kritike, koje upućuju da targetiranje može biti neefikasno, neekonomično, nepravedno i stigmatizujuće. Cilj ovog rada je analiza opravdanosti primene targetiranog pristupa u socijalnoj politici sa stanovišta antidiskriminacije, fokusirajući se na pitanje iz naslova: u čijem je interesu targetiranje u socijalnoj politici – društva ili pojedinaca? Za odgovor na istraživačko pitanje, sprovedena je desk analiza stručne literature, naučnih časopisa i relevantnih izveštaja međunarodnih organizacija iz oblasti socijalne politike. Analiza globalnih istraživačkih trendova i diskusija, dovela je do nalaza da je targetirani pristup u interesu celokupnog društva, kao komplementaran (a ne suprotstavljen) univerzalnom pristupu, te opravdan, efikasno primenljiv i (makar privremeno) poželjan metod socijalne politike u određenim oblastima.

Targeting in social policy provokes conflicting views - from its acceptance as a way to include the most vulnerable categories of society and a means of reducing social disparities, to rejection, as a means of deepening inequality, which is discriminatory by itself. Strong arguments can be made in favor of targeting, but also criticisms, which suggest that targeting can be inefficient, uneconomical, unfair and stigmatizing. The aim of this paper is to analyze the justification of applying a targeted approach in social policy from the point of view of anti-discrimination, focusing on the question from the title: in whose interest is targeting in social policy - society or individuals? To answer the research question, a desk analysis of professional literature, scientific journals and relevant reports of international organizations in the field of social policy was conducted. Analysis of global research trends and discussions has led to the finding that a targeted approach is in the interest of society as a whole, as a complementary (not opposed to) universal approach, and a justified, effectively applicable and (at least temporarily) desirable method of social policy in certain areas.