Prikupljanje potpisa za proglašenje izborne liste kao mogući način zloupotrebe izbornog prava u Republici Srbiji

Abstract

Zakonski uslov proglašenja izborne liste je da ona bude podržana od strane najmanje 10.000 birača. Jedan deo ovih političkih subjekata koji se nalaze na izbornim listama imaju karakter „fantomskih” jer postoje samo u toku trajanja izbornog procesa, dok u periodu između izbora od ovih stranaka nema „ni traga ni glasa”. Izbori često donose dva apsurdna „iznenađenja”. Prvo je da pomenute stranke relativno lako dolaze do potpisa građana koji ih navodno podržavaju, što uzročno-posledično dovodi i do proglašenja njihovih izbornih lista. Drugo je da je broj ukupno osvojenih glasova takvih lista na izborima u nekim slučajevima i značajno manji od broja građana koji su takvim izbornim listama dali poverenje svojim potpisima. To otvara i sumnju da li vladajuće političke stranke, preko svojih članova i partijske infrastrukture, obezbeđuju malim strankama mogućnost kandidovanja, pa samim tim i stvaraju predstavu postojanja demokratskog pluralizma izbornog procesa, kojim se obezbeđuje legitimnost Pitanje prikupljanja potpisa za proglašenje izbornih lista značajno zaokuplja pažnju javnosti u Republici Srbiji u vezi sa predstojećim izborima, posebno nakon smanjenja izbornog cenzusa i bojkota izbora od strane dela opozicije. U ovom radu biće razmotreni i neki konkretni predlozi na koji način se mogu otkloniti ove sumnje i nedostaci i tako unaprediti izborni proces u budućnosti.

The legal condition for announcing the electoral list is that it be supported by at least 10,000 voters. Some of these political entities on the electoral lists have a “phantom” character because they exist only during the election process, while in the period between elections, there is “no trace or vote” of these parties. Elections often bring two absurd “surprises”. The first is that the mentioned parties relatively easily get the signatures of the citizens who allegedly support them, which causes and consequently leads to the announcement of their electoral lists. The second is that the number of total votes won by such lists in the elections is, in some cases, significantly lower than the number of citizens who trusted such electoral lists with their signatures. This also raises doubts as to whether the ruling political parties, through their members and party infrastructure, provide small parties with the opportunity to run, and thus create the image of the existence of democratic pluralism in the electoral process, which ensures the legitimacy of elections. The issue of collecting signatures for the proclamation of electoral lists significantly captures the attention of the public in the Republic of Serbia in connection with the upcoming elections, especially after the reduction of the electoral threshold and the boycott of the elections by the opposition. This paper will also discuss some concrete proposals on how to eliminate these doubts and shortcomings and thus improve the electoral process in the future.