New Constitution of Serbia: Manipulative and neutral design of the Constitution

Abstract

Organization of government is a most controversial part of the 1990 Constitution of Serbia. Principle of government share; position of National Parliament; president of Republic and the government; decentralization electoral system and its inter-relations and interactions - the constitutional design which crucially influences consequences of political system - was operationally systemized so that in Serbia there was a mixed or semi-presidential system in force. In our circumstances such model of the government was estimated and reviewed as presidential system, Caesarism Sultanism, etc... Creator of the Constitution had a goal of discontinuity with politics and the Constitution as embodied by the government of the Socialist Party of Serbia and Slobodan Milosevic. This paper is dedicated to analysis of constitutional design of the Constitution of Serbia in 2006-to the objects and methods of the change of the government by the creator of the Constitution and whether the criticized mechanisms - direct election of head of the state, absence of signature of approval (absence of premapotpis) possibility of dissolving deputy bodies, etc. - have been abolished or not. The analysis of newly constituted institutes has been made through models of manipulative and neutral constitutional design.

Organizacija vlasti je najosporavaniji deo Ustava Srbije iz 1990. godine Princip podele vlasti, pozicija Narodne skupštine, predsednika Republike i Vlade; decentralizacija; izborni sistem i njihovi međusobni odnosi - ustavni dizajn koji presudno utiče na posledice u političkom sistemu operacionalizovanje tako daje u Srbiji funkcionisao mešoviti ili polupredsednički sistem. Takav oblik vlasti u našim uslovima proglašavanje i kritikovan kao prezidancijalizam, cezarizam, sultanizam... Cilj ustavo-tvorca bio je diskontinuitet s politikom i Ustavom koju su oličavale vlade Socijalističke partije Srbije i Slobodan Milošević. Ovaj prilog posvećen je analizi ustavnog dizajna u Ustavu Srbije iz 2006. godine - šta i kako je ustavotvorac promenio organizaciji vlasti i da li je otklonio mehanizme koje je posebno kritikovao - neposredan izbor šefa države, odsustvo premapotpisa mogućnosti raspuštanja predstavničkog tela, i sl. Analiza novokonstituisanih instituta vrši se kroz modele manipulativnog i neutralnog ustavnog dizajna.