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Strategic directions of pension reforms in Serbia

Strateški pravci penzionih reformi u Srbiji

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Perišić, Natalija
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Abstract
Demographic changes and dedicatory financial funds have been the most Important internal pressures and the strongest arguments for the reforms in Serbia’s pension system. Parametric changes (public pension insurance reform) which started in 2001 have comprised of redefining contribution rates, raising the retirement age for women and men as well as minimal age for retirement, changing the calculation and indexation formula, more stringent conditions for drawing disability pensions, etc. Despite constant reforms, unsolved problems in the public pension system have remained: on the one hand, adequacy of pension benefits has been compromised in the recent years, but it will be additionally compromised in the future; on the other hand, the share of pension expenditures in the GDP challenges the financial sustainability of the pension system. Therefore, the professional public mainly point to the need to introduce radical reforms, in order to disable additional aggravation of existing probl...ems. Another path of reforms was the introduction of voluntary pension insurance in 2005. Almost ten years after that, this pillar has been underdeveloped with highly concentrated market. This can be demonstrated through small numbers of actively insured persons and low share of net assets of private pension funds in Serbia’s GDP. The reasons for that have been primarily the low purchasing power of the population, macroeconomic instability and partially inadequate information. The main precondition for the development of this sector is economic growth and development. Simultaneously with the reforms in the public system (I pillar) and introduction of the voluntary private pension system (III pillar), an option of the mandatory private pension system (II pillar), was taken into consideration. However, it was abolished, for an indefinite time period. Explanation of decision makers ranged from high transitory costs and underdeveloped financial market, to inadequate control mechanisms and supervision of private pension funds. Balancing costs and benefits of a potential introduction of a mandatory private pension system in Serbia should take into account positive experiences of the countries of Europe and the region.

Demografske promene i deficitna finansijska sredstva predstavljaju neke od najznačajnijih unutrašnjih pritisaka i najsnažnijih argumenata za sprovođenje reformi u penzijskom sistemu Srbije. Parametarske promene (reforma javnog penzijskog osiguranja), koje su započete 2001. godine, sastojale su se iz redefinisanja stopa doprinosa, podizanja starosne granice za penzionisanje za oba pola i minimalne starosne granice za penzionisanje, prelaska na promenjenu formulu za indeksaciju penzija, ukidanja kategorija invalidnosti itd. Uprkos konstantnim reformama, nerešeni problemi u funkcionisanju sistema državnih penzija opstaju: s jedne strane, adekvatnost penzijskih prihoda je ugrožena tokom poslednjih godina, ali će biti naročito ugrožena ubuduće; s druge strane, s obzirom na udeo penzijskih rashoda u bruto nacionalnom proizvoda, finansijska održivost penzijskog sistema je upitna. Stoga, u stručnoj javnosti preovlađuje mišljenje o neophodnosti radikalne reforme, kako se postojeći problemi ne b...i dodatno produbili. Drugi pravac reformi predstavljalo je uvođenje dobrovoljnog privatnog penzijskog osiguranja, i to 2005. godine. Skoro deset godina nakon toga, ovaj stub je nedovoljno razvijen sa visoko koncentrisanim tržištem, što se može demonstrirati malim brojem aktivnih osiguranika i niskim udelom neto imovine privatnih fondova u nacionalnom bruto proizvodu. Razlozi za to najvećim delom proističu iz niske kupovne moći stanovništva, makroekonomske nestabilnosti, a delimično i nedovoljne informisanosti. Osnovni preduslov razvoja ovog sektora je ekonomski rast i razvoj. Uporedo sa sprovođenjem reformi u javnom sistemu (I stub) i uvođenjem dobrovoljnog privatnog penzijskog sistema (III stub), razmatrana je i opcija obaveznog privatnog penzijskog osiguranja (II stub), ali se od toga odustalo na neodređeno vreme. Obrazloženje donosioca odluka sadržano je u visokim tranzicionim troškovima, nedovoljno razvijenom finansijskom tržištu, neadekvatnim mehanizmima kontrole i nadzora privatnih fondova itd. Balansiranje troškova i koristi od potencijalnog uvođenja obaveznog privatnog sistema u Srbiji trebalo bi da uzme u obzir pozitivna iskustva država Evrope, kao i država iz regiona.

Keywords:
elderly / pension system / voluntary and mandatory pension insurance / stari / penzijski sistem / dobrovoljno i obavezno penzijsko osiguranje / penzione reforme / Srbija
Source:
Gerontologija, 2014, 41, 2, 18-36
Publisher:
  • Gerontološko društvo Srbije, Beograd

ISSN: 0354-415X

[ Google Scholar ]
Handle
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rfpn_491
URI
http://rfpn.fpn.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/491
Collections
  • Radovi istraživača / Researchers' papers
Institution/Community
FPN
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Perišić, Natalija
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://rfpn.fpn.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/491
AB  - Demographic changes and dedicatory financial funds have been the most Important internal pressures and the strongest arguments for the reforms in Serbia’s pension system. Parametric changes (public pension insurance reform) which started in 2001 have comprised of redefining contribution rates, raising the retirement age for women and men as well as minimal age for retirement, changing the calculation and indexation formula, more stringent conditions for drawing disability pensions, etc. Despite constant reforms, unsolved problems in the public pension system have remained: on the one hand, adequacy of pension benefits has been compromised in the recent years, but it will be additionally compromised in the future; on the other hand, the share of pension expenditures in the GDP challenges the financial sustainability of the pension system. Therefore, the professional public mainly point to the need to introduce radical reforms, in order to disable additional aggravation of existing problems. Another path of reforms was the introduction of voluntary pension insurance in 2005. Almost ten years after that, this pillar has been underdeveloped with highly concentrated market. This can be demonstrated through small numbers of actively insured persons and low share of net assets of private pension funds in Serbia’s GDP. The reasons for that have been primarily the low purchasing power of the population, macroeconomic instability and partially inadequate information. The main precondition for the development of this sector is economic growth and development. Simultaneously with the reforms in the public system (I pillar) and introduction of the voluntary private pension system (III pillar), an option of the mandatory private pension system (II pillar), was taken into consideration. However, it was abolished, for an indefinite time period. Explanation of decision makers ranged from high transitory costs and underdeveloped financial market, to inadequate control mechanisms and supervision of private pension funds. Balancing costs and benefits of a potential introduction of a mandatory private pension system in Serbia should take into account positive experiences of the countries of Europe and the region.
AB  - Demografske promene i deficitna finansijska sredstva predstavljaju neke od najznačajnijih unutrašnjih pritisaka i najsnažnijih argumenata za sprovođenje reformi u penzijskom sistemu Srbije. Parametarske promene (reforma javnog penzijskog osiguranja), koje su započete 2001. godine, sastojale su se iz redefinisanja stopa doprinosa, podizanja starosne granice za penzionisanje za oba pola i minimalne starosne granice za penzionisanje, prelaska na promenjenu formulu za indeksaciju penzija, ukidanja kategorija invalidnosti itd. Uprkos konstantnim reformama, nerešeni problemi u funkcionisanju sistema državnih penzija opstaju: s jedne strane, adekvatnost penzijskih prihoda je ugrožena tokom poslednjih godina, ali će biti naročito ugrožena ubuduće; s druge strane, s obzirom na udeo penzijskih rashoda u bruto nacionalnom proizvoda, finansijska održivost penzijskog sistema je upitna. Stoga, u stručnoj javnosti preovlađuje mišljenje o neophodnosti radikalne reforme, kako se postojeći problemi ne bi dodatno produbili. Drugi pravac reformi predstavljalo je uvođenje dobrovoljnog privatnog penzijskog osiguranja, i to 2005. godine. Skoro deset godina nakon toga, ovaj stub je nedovoljno razvijen sa visoko koncentrisanim tržištem, što se može demonstrirati malim brojem aktivnih osiguranika i niskim udelom neto imovine privatnih fondova u nacionalnom bruto proizvodu. Razlozi za to najvećim delom proističu iz niske kupovne moći stanovništva, makroekonomske nestabilnosti, a delimično i nedovoljne informisanosti. Osnovni preduslov razvoja ovog sektora je ekonomski rast i razvoj. Uporedo sa sprovođenjem reformi u javnom sistemu (I stub) i uvođenjem dobrovoljnog privatnog penzijskog sistema (III stub), razmatrana je i opcija obaveznog privatnog penzijskog osiguranja (II stub), ali se od toga odustalo na neodređeno vreme. Obrazloženje donosioca odluka sadržano je u visokim tranzicionim troškovima, nedovoljno razvijenom finansijskom tržištu, neadekvatnim mehanizmima kontrole i nadzora privatnih fondova itd. Balansiranje troškova i koristi od potencijalnog uvođenja obaveznog privatnog sistema u Srbiji trebalo bi da uzme u obzir pozitivna iskustva država Evrope, kao i država iz regiona.
PB  - Gerontološko društvo Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Gerontologija
T1  - Strategic directions of pension reforms in Serbia
T1  - Strateški pravci penzionih reformi u Srbiji
EP  - 36
IS  - 2
SP  - 18
VL  - 41
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Perišić, Natalija",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Demographic changes and dedicatory financial funds have been the most Important internal pressures and the strongest arguments for the reforms in Serbia’s pension system. Parametric changes (public pension insurance reform) which started in 2001 have comprised of redefining contribution rates, raising the retirement age for women and men as well as minimal age for retirement, changing the calculation and indexation formula, more stringent conditions for drawing disability pensions, etc. Despite constant reforms, unsolved problems in the public pension system have remained: on the one hand, adequacy of pension benefits has been compromised in the recent years, but it will be additionally compromised in the future; on the other hand, the share of pension expenditures in the GDP challenges the financial sustainability of the pension system. Therefore, the professional public mainly point to the need to introduce radical reforms, in order to disable additional aggravation of existing problems. Another path of reforms was the introduction of voluntary pension insurance in 2005. Almost ten years after that, this pillar has been underdeveloped with highly concentrated market. This can be demonstrated through small numbers of actively insured persons and low share of net assets of private pension funds in Serbia’s GDP. The reasons for that have been primarily the low purchasing power of the population, macroeconomic instability and partially inadequate information. The main precondition for the development of this sector is economic growth and development. Simultaneously with the reforms in the public system (I pillar) and introduction of the voluntary private pension system (III pillar), an option of the mandatory private pension system (II pillar), was taken into consideration. However, it was abolished, for an indefinite time period. Explanation of decision makers ranged from high transitory costs and underdeveloped financial market, to inadequate control mechanisms and supervision of private pension funds. Balancing costs and benefits of a potential introduction of a mandatory private pension system in Serbia should take into account positive experiences of the countries of Europe and the region., Demografske promene i deficitna finansijska sredstva predstavljaju neke od najznačajnijih unutrašnjih pritisaka i najsnažnijih argumenata za sprovođenje reformi u penzijskom sistemu Srbije. Parametarske promene (reforma javnog penzijskog osiguranja), koje su započete 2001. godine, sastojale su se iz redefinisanja stopa doprinosa, podizanja starosne granice za penzionisanje za oba pola i minimalne starosne granice za penzionisanje, prelaska na promenjenu formulu za indeksaciju penzija, ukidanja kategorija invalidnosti itd. Uprkos konstantnim reformama, nerešeni problemi u funkcionisanju sistema državnih penzija opstaju: s jedne strane, adekvatnost penzijskih prihoda je ugrožena tokom poslednjih godina, ali će biti naročito ugrožena ubuduće; s druge strane, s obzirom na udeo penzijskih rashoda u bruto nacionalnom proizvoda, finansijska održivost penzijskog sistema je upitna. Stoga, u stručnoj javnosti preovlađuje mišljenje o neophodnosti radikalne reforme, kako se postojeći problemi ne bi dodatno produbili. Drugi pravac reformi predstavljalo je uvođenje dobrovoljnog privatnog penzijskog osiguranja, i to 2005. godine. Skoro deset godina nakon toga, ovaj stub je nedovoljno razvijen sa visoko koncentrisanim tržištem, što se može demonstrirati malim brojem aktivnih osiguranika i niskim udelom neto imovine privatnih fondova u nacionalnom bruto proizvodu. Razlozi za to najvećim delom proističu iz niske kupovne moći stanovništva, makroekonomske nestabilnosti, a delimično i nedovoljne informisanosti. Osnovni preduslov razvoja ovog sektora je ekonomski rast i razvoj. Uporedo sa sprovođenjem reformi u javnom sistemu (I stub) i uvođenjem dobrovoljnog privatnog penzijskog sistema (III stub), razmatrana je i opcija obaveznog privatnog penzijskog osiguranja (II stub), ali se od toga odustalo na neodređeno vreme. Obrazloženje donosioca odluka sadržano je u visokim tranzicionim troškovima, nedovoljno razvijenom finansijskom tržištu, neadekvatnim mehanizmima kontrole i nadzora privatnih fondova itd. Balansiranje troškova i koristi od potencijalnog uvođenja obaveznog privatnog sistema u Srbiji trebalo bi da uzme u obzir pozitivna iskustva država Evrope, kao i država iz regiona.",
publisher = "Gerontološko društvo Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Gerontologija",
title = "Strategic directions of pension reforms in Serbia, Strateški pravci penzionih reformi u Srbiji",
pages = "36-18",
number = "2",
volume = "41"
}
Perišić, N.. (2014). Strategic directions of pension reforms in Serbia. in Gerontologija
Gerontološko društvo Srbije, Beograd., 41(2), 18-36.
Perišić N. Strategic directions of pension reforms in Serbia. in Gerontologija. 2014;41(2):18-36..
Perišić, Natalija, "Strategic directions of pension reforms in Serbia" in Gerontologija, 41, no. 2 (2014):18-36.

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