Notion and importance of the sovereignty in Islam and its reflection im modern political systems

Abstract

The fundamental task of this text is to show that this important notion of political and legal theory is conceived in different ways in different areas of civilization. In this case, as an example of difference has been taken the treatment of sovereignty in Moslem countries. The text shows that the width of this religion surpasses that which is generally understood in Europe as religion, exerts also an influence on concrete forms of political organization and this, first of all, on account of the way in which the sovereignty is conceived. The fact is, namely, that in Islam God is the sovereign and consequently, the political acts, too, result from the fundamental conviction that their aim is the realization of God's state on the Earth. In this sense, on the examples of contemporary political systems in Moslem countries, has bean shown how the theory of God as holder on sovereignty is realized in practice.

Suverenitet se u islamu označava arapskim pojmom hakemija, i on se odnosi na nosioca vrhovne vlasti u društvu. Nosilac te vlasti se naziva hakem. Tako se vidi da su obe reči derivati istog korena. U islamskoj i političkoj i pravnoj teoriji se suverenom smatra bog. I to u onome smislu da je on nosilac najviše vlasti i pre svega zakonodavac. Zbog toga u islamskim zemljama nema prihvatanja teorije o narodu kao nosiocu suvereniteta. Ili još preciznije, i kada takva odredba postoji u pravnim i političkim aktima, ona u sebi sadrži prethodnu činjenicu, pa je narodni suverenitet bitno limitiran zakonodavnim prerogativima boga. Svi islamski politički sistemi danas sadrže elemente božijeg suvereniteta i postoji tendencija jačanja ove činjenice.