New tendencies in the development of environmental movements in the 21st century

Abstract

Environmental movements are continuing to demonstrate their relevance and innovative tendencies in the 21st century. Environmental problems are as yet unresolved in this century, the global environmental crisis exists, but the policies of green parties, which arose from environmental movements, have not yielded adequate results. The paper presents the origins of environmental movements as well as their separation from new social movements. In the context of this separation, the paper explores the stages of development of environmental movements from their inception to the present day and compares the activities of these movements, from protest to pacification and marginalization, through "corporate" eco-movements, to the creation of so-called communal eco communities which could figure as environmental movements in the future. Based on the development of environmental movements so far, their future in this century is considered, as well as new tendencies and trends. In this sense, the subject of analysis are movements such as the "Economy for the Common Good", which aims at not only environmental but also complete social transformation, and current and ad hoc movements such as "Extinction Rebellion" and "Fridays for Future". Special emphasis is placed on offshoots, such as "influencer ecologism", "celebrity ecologism" and "tabloid ecologism", that are presented as initiatives that could possibly create environmental movements in the future.

Ekološki pokreti pokazuju svoju aktuelnost i inovativnost i u XXI veku, jer ekološki problemi i dalje postoje, kao i globalna ekološka kriza, a politika zelenih stranaka koje su nastale iz ekoloških pokreta nije dala odgovarajuće rezultate. U radu se izlažu uzroci nastanka ekoloških pokreta i njihovog izdvajanja iz novih društvenih pokreta. U kontekstu tog izdvajanja, rad se bavi istraživanjem faza razvoja ekoloških pokreta od nastanka do današnjih dana i upoređivanjem njihovih aktivnosti, od protesta do pacifikacije i marginalizacije, od "korporacijskih" eko-pokreta, do stvaranja takozvanih komunalnih ekoloških zajednica, koje u budućnosti mogu da figurišu kao ekološki pokreti. Na osnovu zakonitosti u dosadašnjem razvoju ekoloških pokreta promišlja se i njihova budućnost u ovom veku, kao i nove tendencije i trendovi. U tom smislu, predmet analize su pokreti poput Ekonomije opšte dobrobiti, čiji cilj nije samo ekološka već i potpuna društvena transformacija, ali i trenutno aktuelni i ad hoc pokreti poput Extinction Rebellion i Fridays for Future. Posebno su naglašene nuspojave, "influenserski ekologizam", "selebriti ekologizam" i "tabloidni ekologizam", koje se predstavljaju kao inicijativa koja može da rezultuje stvaranjem ekoloških pokreta u budućnosti.