Koncept normalizacije

Abstract

Predmet rada jeste prikaz uslova koje je neophodno zadovoljiti kako bi kvalitet života osoba sa mentalnim smetnjama bio na nivou koji mora biti omogućen svakom čoveku i ukazivanje ne neophodne korake i pristupe u radu sa ovim osobama i zajednicom. U tekstu se nastoji da se ukaže na prava koja sve osobe imaju, pa samim tim i osobe sa mentalnim smetnjama, i koja im moraju biti obezbeđena. Neka od osnovnih ljudskih prava ne mogu se ostvariti u uslovima koji su karakteristični za institucionalni smeštaj, čija je jedna od osnovnih odlika nemogućnost realizacije mnogobrojnih životnih situacija i karakterističnih razvojnih zadataka, pa samim tim ni izgradnja zadovoljavajućeg ličnog identiteta. Normalizacija je koncept koji nastoji da omogući uslove života osobama sa mentalnim smetnjama koji su barem onoliko kvalitetni koliko su i uslovi u kojima živi prosečan stanovnik određene zajednice/društva. Naznačava se koji su to uslovi, koje je aktivnosti neophodno preduzeti i definišu principi na kojima se rad u cilju ostvarenja ovih zadataka mora zasnivati. U tekstu se razmatraju i adekvatni načini konkretizacije ciljeva normalizacije, prevashodno kroz valorizaciju socijalnih uloga i lično planiranje.

The attitude of society towards people with mental disorders significantly differed across different socio-historical periods. However, if we look at the dominant attitude of the XX and XXI century, we see that until the 1970s dominated the medical approach, which is not respected social aspects in proce disability. Since the 1970s stand out various initiatives that advocate when evaluating disability into account must be taken social factors and environmental obstacles. At the same time created the concept of normalization, through which seeks to improve the quality of life, ensuring normal conditions and enable the realization of basic human rights for people with mental disabilities. Nirje, Wolfensberger and others are trying to identify the everyday activities and situations that are necessary to enable persons with mental disabilities. As pointed out by normalization means providing the conditions of life at least as good quality as far as the quality of life of the average population of the specific community / society. Nirj determines the necessity dnvevnog normal rhythm, the normal yearly rhythm of life routines, experience normal life cycle, the possibility of entering into intimate relationships, respect for the personality and the possibility that respects everyone's attitude in making decisions affecting that person, a life according to The economic conditions characteristic of the society in which he lives and life in accordance with the appropriate physical conditions. If we look at the principles on which it is based normalization is clear that residential institutions can not meet the needs of people with mental disabilities, nor in the institutions of this type, these people can be "normalized". Since the normalization of a comprehensive concept, emphasize the lines of the current operation to normalize, where he indicates that through this concept seeks to raise awareness of the population of a society that this is a broader system of organizational mechanisms, the system within which is contained the activities of each of the professions humanistčkih which are of importance for the establishment of such a concept and that it is socio - developmental model of growth. Although a clear system of practical and theoretical ideas shaped normalization seeks to improve and enhance its practical application through a unified system that ranks next to her social role valorization and personal planning. Social valorization involves ways appropriate changes, additions, establishing social roles that will improve the quality of life. It also deals with the concept of "deviant" and the consequences of labeling someone as such. Defines concrete actions at different levels in order to improve social image and improve the personal abilities of persons with mental disabilities. I personally plan emphasizes that since each person is unique personality, as such she must and access. There are no generally accepted models to be applied by the usual procedure, but through the unique support system designed for a specific person seeks to empower the people itself, its immediate and shits immediate surroundings. It is important to emphasize that what distinguishes personal planning and normalization of the traditional approach is that it is the most powerful way to support positive change, which implies a different way of working together, is an invitation to a personal commitment, aimed at engaging the community and refers to anyone it wants. Normalization, enhancement of social roles and personal planning are mutually complementing one concept which is the desired standard ordinary - a normal way of life, and the final goal emphasizes the support person to build terms of their own lifestyle that they choose in their local community.